Class 7 History.
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 4 | NCERT Book Solutions Class 7 History Our Pasts – II Chapter 4 | The Mughal Empire
- Very short question answer.
Ans. He
recaptured Delhi in 1555.
Q2. Who was the first Mughal
emperor of India?
Ans. Babur was the first Mughal emperor (1526- 1530).
Q3. Who started guerrilla warfare
in the Deccan?
Ans. Marathas
started guerrilla warfare.
Q4. Who was Jahangir?
Ans. Jahangir
was the great Mughal Emperor, and he was the son of Akbar.
Q5. Who gave shelter to Humayun
when he fled to Iran?
Ans. In Iran Humayun received help from the Safavid
Shah.
Q6. Who was the author of Akbar
Nama and Ain-Akbari?
Ans. Abul Fazl was the author of Akbar Nama and
Ain-i-Akbari.
Q7. How did Humayun die?
Ans. Humayun
died as a result of an accidental fall in his building.
Q8. At what age did Akbar became
the emperor of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. At
the age of 13, Akbar became the emperor of the Mughal Empire.
Q9. Who was the regent of Akbar?
Ans. Bairam
Khan was the regent of Akbar.
- Fill in the blanks:
(a) The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother, was ____________.
(b) The five Deccan Sultanates were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar,
____________ and _________________.
(c) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his
____________ .
(d) Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea
of ____________ so that he could govern a society composed of many religions,
cultures and castes.
Answer:
1. Kabul.
2. Bijapur and Golconda.
3. number of cavalrymen.
4. sulh-i-kul - Matching Answer:
mansab
|
rank
|
Mongol
|
Uzbeg
|
Sisodiya
|
Rajput Mewar
|
Rathor
|
Rajput Marwar
|
Nur Jahan
|
Jahangir
|
subadar
|
governor
|
- Short questions answer.
Q1. Why did the Mughals emphasise their
Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Answer:
1. From their mother’s side, the Mughals were descendants of
Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and
Central Asia.
2. From their father’s side, they were the successors of
Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey. However, the
Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol.
3. This was because Genghis Khan’s memory was associated with
the massacre of innumerable people. But the Mughals were proud of their Timurid
ancestry.
Q2. How important was the income from
land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
1. The income from land revenue played an important role in
establishing stability in the Mughal Empire.
2. It strengthened the economic system of the Empire. The
money collected was invested in building forts and was for the welfare of
subjects.
3. Its importance can be easily assessed from the fact that
Todar Mal, Akbar ‘s revenue minister, took 10-year period to carry out the
proper calculation of land revenue.
Q3. What were the central provinces under the control of
the Mughals?
Answer: The central provinces under the control of the Mughals
were Delhi, Kabul, Mewar, Sindh, Marwar, Gujarat, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa,
Chittor and Deccan.
Q4. Why was it important for the
Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and
Iranis?
Answer:
It was important for the Mughals to
recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis
because:
a. The empire had expanded to
encompass different regions and provinces, thus it was needed to provide
stability to the empire.
b. The problems of common folks would
be understood better by the people living with them.
c. Mughal also didn’t want people to
rebel against them on the issue of privileges to Turanis and Iranis.
d. They came here to rule, so they
needed to respect the diversity of the country in order to have a control over
it.
Q5. What was the role of the zamindar
in Mughal administration ?
Answer:
1. ‘Zamindar’
was a term used by the Mughals to describe all intermediaries, whether the
local headmen of a village or any powerful chieftain.
2. The role of the zamindar in Mughal administration was to
collect the revenues and taxes from the peasants that were a source of income
for the Mughals.
3. They acted as an intermediate between the Mughals and the
peasants and in some areas the zamindars exercised a great deal of power.
- Long questions answer :
Q1. How were the debates with religious
scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance?
Answer:
1. During the 1570s, Akbar had a discussion on religion with
the Ulama, Brahmanas, Jesuit priests who were Roman Catholics and Zoroastrians.
2. These discussions took place during his stay at Fatehpur
Sikri in the ibadat khana.
3. Akbar was interested in the religion and social customs of
different people and his interaction with people of different faiths made him
realise that their teachings created divisions and disharmony among his
subjects.
4. Thus Akbar came to an idea known as ‘sulh-i kul’ which
focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice and peace.
5. Abul Fazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance
around this idea of sulh-i kul, which was also followed by Jahangir and Shah
Jahan as well.
Q2. What was the relationship between
the mansabdar and the jagir?
Answer:
1. Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments
called jagirs which were somewhat like iqtas.
2. The Mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer
their jagirs, rather they only had the rights to the revenue of their
assignments, which was collected for them by their servants while the
mansabdars themselves served in some other part of the country.
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