NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Social Science Chapter 5 Rulers And Buildings | Rulers And Buildings.

VERY SHORT QUESTIONS ANSWER.

Q1. What were havelis?

Ans. Large mansions of merchants were called havelis.

Q2. When was Humayun tomb constructed?

Ans. Tomb of Humayun, constructed between 1562 and 1571.

 

Q3. How did Persian court chronicles describe sultan?

Ans. Persian court chronicles described the Sultan as the “Shadow of God”.

 

Q4. Explain the term mahamandapa.

Ans. It refers to the main hall of the temple where dances were performed. 

Q5. What is a superstructure?

Ans. Superstructure refers to the part of a building above the ground floor.

Q6. Who built Jami Masjid?

Ans. Jami Masjid was built by Shah Jahan in his new capital at Shahjahanabad. 

Q7. Who built Rajarajeshvara temple?

Ans. It was built by King Rajarajadeva for the worship of his god, Rajarajeshvaram 

Q8. What is a shikhara?

Ans. Shikhara, a Sanskrit word translating literally to "mountain peak", refers to the rising tower in the Hindu temple architecture of North India.

Q9. What is pietra-dura?

Ans. Pietra-dura refers to coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone creating beautiful, ornate patterns.

Q10. Who constructed kandariya mahadeva temple and when?

Ans. The Kandariya Mahadeva temple dedicated to Shiva was constructed in 999 by the king Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty.

SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS :

Q1. How is the “trabeate” principle of architecture different from the “arcuate”?

Ans.

The “trabeate” principle of architecture is different from the “arcuate”. Because in the trabeate principle of architecture, roofs, doors and windows were made by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns. But, in the arcuate principle of architecture, the weight of the superstructure above the doors and windows was carried by arches.

Q2. An inscription in Shah Jahan’s diwan-i khas in Delhi stated: “If there is Paradise on Earth, it is here, it is here, it is here.” How was this image created? 

Ans.

·   During Shah Jahan’s reign, the different elements of Mughal architecture were fused together in a grand harmonious synthesis.

·  His reign witnessed a huge amount of construction activity, especially in Agra and Delhi.

·  The ceremonial halls of the public and private audience (Diwan-i khas and Diwan-i-am) were carefully planned.

 Q3. How did a temple communicate the importance of a king?

Ans. Temples were constructed as places of worship and are meant to demonstrate the power, wealth and devotion of the patron. The temples were miniature models of the world ruled by the king and his allies.

For example the rituals of worship in the temple, one god (Rajarajadeva) honored another (Rajarajeshvaram).

 

Q4. What are the elements of a Mughal chahar bagh garden?

Ans.

1.   Char bagh gardens were gardens placed within rectangular walled enclosures and divided into four quarters by artificial channels.

2.   These gardens were called ‘Chahar bagh’ i.e., four gardens because of their symmetrical division into quarters.

3.   The chahar bagh garden also had a variation that historians describe as the “riverfront garden”. 

4.   This dwelling was not located in the middle of the chahar bagh but at its edge, close to the bank of the river.

 

 

LONG QUESTIONS ANSWER:

Q1. How did the Mughal court suggest that everyone – the rich and the poor, the powerful and the weak – received justice equally from the emperor?

Ans.

The Mughal court suggests that everyone – the rich and the poor, the powerful and the weak – received justice equally from the emperor in the following ways:

A. The connection between royal justice and the imperial court was emphasized by Shah Jahan in his newly constructed court inside the Red Fort in Delhi.

 

B. Behind the emperor, Shah Jahan’s throne was a series of pietra dura inlays that depicted the legendary Greek god Orpheus playing the lute. It was believed that Orpheus’s music could calm ferocious beasts until they coexisted together peaceably.

Q2. What role did the Yamuna play in the layout of the new Mughal city at Shahjahanabad?

Ans.

1.   The river Yamuna played a major role in the layout of the new Mughal city at Shahjahanabad.

2.   Shah Jahan adapted the river-front garden in the layout of the Taj Mahal, the grandest architectural accomplishment of his reign.

3.   Here the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south.

4.   Shah Jahan developed this architectural form as a means to control the access that nobles had to the river.

5.   Only the exceptionally favored nobles – like his eldest son Dara Shukoh – were given access to the river.

6.   All others had to construct their homes in the city away from the River Yamuna.

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